How does the center of gravity (CG) affect aircraft performance?

The center of gravity (CG) plays a crucial role in the dynamics of aircraft performance, particularly regarding stability and control. When the CG is within the defined limits, the aircraft exhibits stable flight characteristics, allowing the pilot to maintain control easily. If the CG is too far forward, it can lead to over-stability, making the aircraft sluggish in response to control inputs. Conversely, if the CG is too far aft, it can result in a lack of stability, potentially making the aircraft uncontrollable, especially during maneuvers or in turbulence.

The location of the CG also influences how the aircraft responds to pitch changes. A properly balanced aircraft can climb, descend, and turn more effectively, contributing to overall operational safety and efficiency. In summary, CG is a key factor that significantly impacts an aircraft's stability and control, affecting how pilots handle the aircraft in various flight conditions.