What are the primary control surfaces used to generate lift?

The primary control surfaces used to generate lift are the wings. Wings are specifically designed with an airfoil shape that allows them to create lift as air flows over and under them. When an aircraft moves through the air, the shape of the wing and the angle at which it meets the air (angle of attack) contribute to the difference in pressure above and below the wing, resulting in lift.

While flaps are indeed crucial for increasing lift during takeoff and landing by changing the shape of the wing and increasing its surface area, they are considered secondary surfaces. The fuselage, on the other hand, primarily houses the crew, passengers, and cargo, and does not generate lift. The rudder is essential for controlling yaw but does not contribute directly to lift generation. Therefore, the wings are the definitive primary surfaces responsible for generating lift in flight.