Which operation requires a special flight operations certificate?

The operation that requires a special flight operations certificate is the operation of a remotely piloted aircraft over 25 kg. This threshold is significant because larger unmanned aerial systems (UAS) pose increased risks and regulatory considerations compared to smaller drones.

These regulations are in place to ensure safety in the airspace, particularly as the weight of the aircraft increases, potentially impacting not only the UAS operator but also other aircraft and people on the ground. Operators of heavier drones are subject to stricter training, operational limitations, and maintenance requirements, ensuring that they are well-equipped to handle the complexities associated with larger UAS operations.

In contrast, general flying under visual conditions, flying during daylight hours only, and testing aircraft systems do not inherently require a special certificate beyond standard operational licensing. These activities are generally covered under existing pilot certifications and regulations, focusing on routine flight operations.